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END 460: Richardson Olmsted Campus: Citing Your Sources

Last Updated: Aug 21, 2024 10:10 AM

Citing in Presentations

When citing sources within a presentation:

  • you can include your references as in-text citations on each slide
  • or provide a reference list slide at the end of your presentation with corresponding in-text citations
  • or combine these and have in-text citations and a reference list.

Make sure your audience knows where you obtained the information, visuals, and other materials you used in the presentation.

Credit the source of the image, if you are using free images from the web. Do not reproduce images without permission. Some images are labeled "public use" images but always check the permissions for each image.

Flickr

Google Advanced Image Search allows you so filter results by usage rights 

Openclipart.org

Almost every database has a citation or cite link, use this to copy the citation style you need for your class. Just keep in mind that there are no citations that are in all caps. If you see all capitals in a citation, change it to reflect the citing styles in the link above.

Librarian

Profile Photo
Rose Orcutt
Contact:
Architecture & Planning Library
303 Abbott Hall
Buffalo, NY 14214
rmorcutt@buffalo.edu
(716)645-1325

Observing

Surveys

Gather data (responses to questions) from a sampling of people in a short period of time

Citing Surveys and Observations

Surveys:

"Since a survey you conducted yourself is not published elsewhere by someone else, you do not cite it in the same way you cite other materials. Instead, in your paper you describe your survey and make it clear that the data you’re referring to is from the survey, usually by saying so in introductory sentences. In your paper, you should include a short overview of your survey method: whom the survey was administered to, how it was administered, how many responses you got, and what kind of questions you asked. You should include a copy of the survey instrument (the full set of questions asked) as an appendix to your paper. You do not need to include your survey in your reference list." Purdue Owl

"Personal surveys conducted by students are: Cited in-text only. Not published works, so they are not included on the References page. Example of an in-text citation of a survey you conducted:

First and Middle Initials Last Name (Survey, Date, Year)

Example: According to the student survey conducted by M.A. Jewell, students prefer to save money on textbooks by using rental books. (Survey, Date, Year)."  Baker Library

Citing Images

All images should be cited, no matter the size or if it is in the public domain.

Basic information needed when citing an architectural image:

Published photograph:
Fig. #. Author First Name/Initial Surname, Photograph Title, Year Photo was Taken (if provided), in Book Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page or plate #.

Bibliography: Author Surname, First Name or Initial. Photograph Title. Year Photo was Taken (if provided). In Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year, page or plate #.

Image from a website:

Fig. #. Last, First Name. Photograph Title. Month Date, Year Created. Collection, Museum/Institution, Location. Accessed Month Date, Year. URL of website.

Fig. 1. Frank Lloyd Wright, Architect, and Balthazar Korab, photographer. FLW i.e. Frank Lloyd Wright, Edgar J. Kaufmann, Bear Run, Pa., 1987. Photograph. Fayette County Pennsylvania, https://www.loc.gov/item/2017650194/ (Accessed 13 August 2020).

Unknown Artist, Author or Creator
List that source by title in your works cited list/bibligraphy. The title should be followed by the name of the source in the citation, and the remainder of the citation composed as appropriate for the source type. Alphabetize reference list entries beginning with a title using the primary word of the title (excluding a, an, or the). 

An Image without a Title
If an image is not titled, create a brief, descriptive title for it. Do not italicize this title or place it in quotes, and capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns.

Undated Sources
Use "n.d." (for "no date") in the appropriate place in your citation. When this is used after a period in a citation, capitalize the "n" ("N.d.").
(Penn LIbraries -Citing Images)