Secondary Sources - A Brief Overview: Expedite Your Research!
Secondary Sources
SECONDARY SOURCES
Why should I use a secondary source?
To get background information on a legal topic.
To get references to primary sources and other secondary sources.
To expedite your research - take advantage of research someone else (an expert) has done.
ALR (American Law Reports)
Why should I use ALR?
-To find cases from many different jurisdictions on a very narrow topic. It allows you to see trends in case law across jurisdictions.
In paper format: ALR, ALR2d ALR3d, ALR4th, ALR5th, ALR6th, ALRFed, ALRFed2d— KF132 .A5 through KF132 .A47 (Federal Core – 2nd floor) with Index KF132.6 .A47 (Federal Core – 2nd floor).
Online:
Westlaw: ALR (References to ALR also show up in ResultsPlus on Westlaw)
Westlaw Campus (UB only)
LEXIS: American Law Reports (ALR2d, ALR3d, ALR4th, ALR5th, ALR6th,ALRFED, ALRFed2d & L.Ed.2d)
Encyclopedias (there are others)
American Jurisprudence (Am Jur) 2nd (Ref KF154 .A42) (Also on LEXIS, Westlaw (AMJUR), & Westlaw Campus)
Corpus Juris Secundum (CJS) (KF154 .C56 1936 Print version cancelled. Available on Westlaw*
New York Jurisprudence (NY Jur) 2nd (NY Alcove KFN5065 .N48) Also on Lexis, Westlaw (NYJUR), & Westlaw Campus )
Gale Virtual Reference Library
includes hundreds of encyclopedias, some law-related
e.g., West's Encyclopedia of American Law
Restatements
Detailed summaries of the (common) law of the US published by the ALI (American Law Institute). Use the Online Catalog to find location of specific Restatements. E.g., Online Catalog title search: RESTATEMENT and TORTS.
Also online: HeinOnline, Lexis, and Westlaw.
Treatises
What is a treatise?
-A one- or multiple-volume work on a particular legal area written by an expert. Excellent place to familiarize yourself with a subject and obtain references to primary sources.
e.g.. Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts KF1250 .P7 1984
Nimmer on Copyright KF2991.5 .N5 1978
How can I identify a treatise on a particular topic?
--Use UB Law Library Legal Bibliographies (LibGuides)
--Legal Treatise Research Guides (then check YOUR library for specific titles)
--Georgetown Law Library Treatise Finders
--Pace Law Library, Legal Treatises by Subject
--Tarlton Law Library, Legal Treatises by Subject
--Look at annotations in annotated codes (USCA, USCS, McKinney’s, CLS…)
--Use a guide, e.g.:
Searching the Law 3rd ed. by Frank S. Bae et. al.( Ref Desk KF240 .S43 2005)
Searching the law: The States 4th 3d. by Francis R. Doyle (Ref Desk KF 240 D69 2003)
Legal Information Buyer’s Guide & Reference Manual by Kendall F. Svengalis (Ref Desk KF 1 L427)
Legal Looseleafs: Electronic and Print by Arlene L.Eis (Ref Desk KF1 .L43)
--Search the UB Online Catalog
NOTE: Full Text legal treatises available on LEXIS and Westlaw (for law students) can be located using the UB Online Catalog---they appear as records in the Online Catalog (with links to the online version).
Pattern Jury Instructions
Why should I consult jury instructions?
-These instructions are useful for background research because each instruction is followed by a comment which explains the legal rules and any cases the rules originate from. The language tends to concisely describe the laws and rules in "plain English."
New York Pattern Jury Instructions– Civil (NY Alcove KFN6047.A65 A83)
Criminal Jury Instructions, New York (NY Alcove KFN6171.A65 C65 1979)
Federal Jury Practice and Instructions (KF8984 .D4 2006)
Periodical Indexes (to identify law review and legal journal articles)
Why should I use a periodical index to locate articles when I can use the full text law reviews on LEXIS and Westlaw?
-Because you may locate articles you cannot find using the full text databases. There are a certain number of law reviews searchable on LEXIS and Westlaw in full text, and they are generally only from a recent time period. An index will allow you to search more publications from a broader period of time.
-Because the results could be more relevant. In an index usually all you are searching is author, title, name of journal, and subject headings, so if an article is retrieved it means your search terms were present in that small body of text (not merely in a footnote).
Two major Legal Periodical Indexes (there are others):
Index to Legal Periodicals and Books
--- Index to Legal Periodicals (1926-1994) K9 N32
---Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (1994-2006) K9 N32
--- Index to Legal Periodicals Retrospective (1918 - 1981) (UB online database)
--- Index to Legal Periodicals and Books (1994-present) (UB online database)
Legal Trac
--- In Print: known as Current Law Index (K33 .C87)(WITHDRAWN from Collection)
--- LegalTrac (1980-present) (UB online database)
--- Westlaw: known as Legal Resource Index (1980-present)
--- LEXIS: known as Legal Resource Index (No longer included in UB's contract)
How can I locate journals at UB? (once I have a citation to an article*):
1. To find out if UB has access to a particular journal in full text ONLINE, type the name of the JOURNAL in “Electronic Journals”
2. To find out if UB owns a particular journal in PAPER format, type the name of the JOURNAL (NOT the article title) in the UB Online Catalog as a "Journal Title" search.
Online Catalogs
UB ONLINE CATALOG Use to find books and other materials in the University at Buffalo Libraries Collections & selected online sources.
--UB "Online Catalog"
WorldCat - Use to find books and other materials held by thousands of libraries in the US and worldwide.
-- WorldCat local (free; shows holdings of nearby libraries)
-- FirstSearch WorldCat (precise searching)
--WorldCat Discovery ( "Googlized" searching)
What if UB doesn’t own the book I am looking for?
Order materials through InterLibrary Loan (Delivery+):
Allow a few weeks, though ofter materials arrive sooner.