Skip to Main Content

Citing Sources: Online Sources

This guide provides information and examples for citing sources properly according to the following citation style manuals: American Psychological Association (APA), 7th edition; Modern Language Association (MLA), 8th ed
Last Updated: Jan 8, 2024 3:43 PM

Webpage

APA

Basic Format:

Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Date of Publication). Title of Document.
    Retrieved from http://web address.

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. (2007, February 8). Endangered Species 
    Program
. Retrieved from http://www.fws.gov/endangered/

National Baseball Hall of Fame. (n.d.). Roberto Clemente. Retrieved from
    http://baseballhall.org/hof/clemente-roberto


MLA

Basic Format:

Author, editor or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number.
    Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher),
    Date of resource creation (if available).

"Endangered Species Program." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 8 Feb. 2007. 
   

"Roberto Clemente." National Baseball Hall of Fame


Chicago

Notes:

“Endangered Species Program,” U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, accessed January 3, 2013,
   http://www.fws.gov/endangered.

Bibliography:

“Endangered Species Program.” U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Accessed January 3, 2013.
   http://www.fws.gov/endangered.


CSE

Endangered Species Program [Internet]. Washington: Fish & Wildlife Service 
(US); [updated 2007 Feb 8; cited 2007 Feb 28]. Available from: 
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/.

Online posting

APA

Siemens, G. (2007, February 26). Connectivism: What's happening
    with content? [Web log message].Retrieved from 
    http://www.elearnspace.org/media/Calgary/player.html


MLA

Siemens, George. "Connectivism: What's Happening with Content?" 
    elearnspace Blog. N.p., 26 Feb. 2007. 


Chicago

Notes:

Miland Brown, “The Flawed Montevideo Convention of 1933,” World History Blog,
  http://www.worldhistoryblog.com/2008/05/flawed-montevideo-convention-of-1933.html.

Bibliography:

Brown, Miland. “The Flawed Montevideo Convention of 1933.” World History Blog.
  http://www.worldhistoryblog.com/2008/05/flawed-montevideo-convention-of-1933.html.


CSE

Siemens G (Hospitality Department, Red River College, Winnipeg, MB, Canada). 
Connectivism: What's happening with content?. In: elearnspace Blog [discussion 
list on the Internet]; 2007 Feb 26 [cited 2007 Feb 28]. [about 2 screens]. 
Available from: http://www.elearnspace.org/blog/.

Email message

APA

Electronic mailing list/Listserv:

Kearns, A. (2007, February 2). Freshmen courses and iPod tours
    [Electronic mailing list message]. Retrieved from 
    http://lists.ala.org/wws/arc/ili-l/2007-02/msg00019.html

Personal communication:

[No example provided in current edition.]


MLA

Electronic mailing list/Listserv:

Kearns, Andrew. "Freshmen Courses and iPod Tours" Message to the 
    ILI-L Discussion List. 2 Feb. 2007. E-mail.

Personal communication:

Widzinski, Lori. "RE: Bald Eagle Sighting." Message to Renee Bush. 
    1 Mar. 2007. E-mail.


Chicago

Electronic mailing list/Listserv:

Notes:

 

Joyce Meldrem to DIG REF: A Listserv to Explore the Growing Areas of Digital Reference Services, October 18, 2002, Brick and Click Symposium Call for Registration, http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/dig_ref/message/5837?var=1.

[According to the Chicago Style manual, citations of such material should generally be limited to text and notes. (section 14.223, p. 746).]

Personal communication:

[According to the Chicago Style manual, a personal email message should not 
be cited in the reference list. Instead, it should be cited within the text as a personal 
communication (section 14.222, p. 745).]

 


CSE

Electronic mailing list/Listserv:

[No example provided in current edition.]

Personal communication:

Widzinski L . RE: Bald Eagle Sighting [electronic mail on the Internet]. Message to: 
Renee Bush. 2007 Mar 1 [cited 2007 Aug 8]

YouTube video

APA

Siemens, G. (2007, September 2). The changing nature of knowledge
    [Video file]. Retrieved from 
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMcTHndpzYg


MLA

Siemens, George. "The Changing Nature of Knowledge." YouTube.com 
    2 Sept. 2007. Web. 8 July 2009.


Chicago

Notes:

 “UBC Okanagan Creative Studies,” YouTube video, 3:02, posted by “TheQueenOfDiamonds,” November 4, 2008, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GlQPvududgM.

Bibliography:

[No example provided in the current edition.]


CSE

Citation-Sequence

Siemens G. The changing nature of knowledge. YouTube.com [Internet]. 
2007 [cited 2009 July 8]. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=YMcTHndpzYg

Name-Year

Siemens G. 2007. The changing nature of knowledge [Internet]. YouTube.com; 
[cited 2009 July 8]. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMcTHndpzYg

Podcast

APA

Charney, T. (Producer). (2007). Ashes to hope: Overcoming the Detroit riots. U.P. Family Still Struggles to Deal With Pressure of '67 Riot [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from http://www.michiganradio.org/.


MLA

Benedict XVI. "The Voice of the Pope." Vatican Radio. Vatican Radio, 
    26 Aug. 2009. Web. 27 Aug. 2009.


Chicago

Notes:

Robertson, Rachael, 2010, Leadership at the Bottom of the Earth…Where No One Hears You Scream, 2010 Sir Walter Murdoch Lecture, podcast, Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University, https://lectures.murdoch.edu.au/lectopia/lectopia.lasso?ut=1369&id=71101.

Bibliography:

Robertson, Rachael. 2010. Leadership at the Bottom of the Earth…Where No One Hears You Scream. 2010 Sir Walter Murdoch Lecture. podcast. Accessed March 30, 2013, Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. https://lectures.murdoch.edu.au/lectopia/lectopia.lasso?ut=1369&id=71101.


CSE

[No example provided in current edition.]

Librarian

Profile Photo
Bryan J. Sajecki
he/him/his
Contact:
523 Lockwood Library
University at Buffalo North Campus
(716) 645-1798
Website